Le Québec en Amérique du Nord : Le Québec et le secteur de la biotechnologie en Amérique du Nord
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Quelle est la situation actuelle de l'industrie des biotechnologies en Amérique du Nord et comment pouvons-nous mieux comprendre la place qu'y occupe le Québec, qui représente l'une des plus importantes « grappes » dans ce tableau continental ? Voilà les questions auxquelles cette note tente de répondre, qui présente en outre une évaluation des sources de financement de l'industrie, de ses coûts d'opération et de ses perspectives de développement pour l'avenir. Le Québec possède des avantages distincts pour permettre à cette industrie de prospérer, notamment de faibles coûts d'opération et des programmes gouvernementaux d'appui à l'industrie très concurrentiels. Ces avantages ne sont pas une garantie absolue de croissance durable, toutefois, car d'autres provinces et États offrent des programmes comparables et, surtout, parce que la plus grande disponibilité de capital de risque aux États-Unis donne un avantage substantiel aux firmes de ce pays face à leurs concurrents canadiens.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.001 | 0.003 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.003 | 0.009 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.003 | 0.001 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.005 | 0.001 |
| Open science | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Research integrity | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.010 | 0.001 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".