Mapping and Interpreting the Surficial Geology of Newport, VT
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Detailed surficial geologic maps help to inform land use, hazard assessments, economic opportunities, the movement of pollutants, particularly important in this area which hosts the state’s largest landfill, and provide the basis for interpreting the glacial history of the area. During summer 2023 we mapped the Newport Quadrangle which lies along Vermont’s border with Québec. A total of 2,220 geolocated surficial field observations, 355 bedrock outcrops, and 3 glacial striations were recorded with the Fulcrum mobile app. These observations along with a LIDAR hillshade baselayer and aerial imagery were used to construct a surficial geologic map of the quadrangle using GIS software. The bedrock in the area is mainly the Waits River Formation which consists primarily of phyllite and limestone. In the southeastern half of the quadrangle there is a large unit of the Derby pluton which consists of mainly granodiorite. Three glacial striations were observed all indicating southern movement of the glacier. Data from nearby quadrangles show striations suggesting NW to SE movement which suggests that the glacier changed direction as it receded from the mountains and became confined in the valley. Generally lacustrine fine-grained sediments occur below 1000 feet and glacial till above 1000 feet. This suggests the level of the Glacial Lake Memphremagog to be roughly 1000 feet. In the northern portion of the quadrangle there is a SW to NE esker recording subglacial water flow in this direction. In addition, there appears to be an unconsolidated assortment of till and fine to coarse grained lake sediments slightly SE of the esker just above 1000 feet which suggests some sort of ice contact deposits where a piece of ice broke off the glacier as it receded into the valley. On the eastern edge there is a large outwash deposit suggesting a considerable flow of water off of the receding glacier. In addition, there are numerous abandoned channels where water coming off the receding glacier likely incised down through the landscape. Some of these channels are still being used today. Evidence of this is found in alluvial terraces which are perched above the current river indicating where an older river used to flow. The observations found above help give us a better understanding of the glacial history of the state.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.001 | 0.002 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.010 | 0.001 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".