Bibliographic record
Abstract
Chickpea has been a traditional low-input crop in the farming systems of the Indian subcontinent and the Near-East where it is an integral part of the daily diet of the people. The crop is also popular in the Ethiopian Highlands and in Central and South America. Because of its adaptability to a wide range of environments. it is being promoted even in countries such as Australia, Canada and the USA. The chickpea is of two main types. the desi type and the kabuli type. The former is generally small-seeded with a colored seed coat and angular-seed shape. The latter type is generally large-seeded with a beige seed color and ram-head shape. More than 80 percent of the world's production of chickpeas is of the desi type. predominantly grown in subsistence agriculture. The two types are botanically similar. but there are strong consumer preferences for one or the other. The production of chickpeas during the last three decades has been static in most countries. and in some, it has even decreased. Research on the crop was neglected for many years and only recently due attention has been paid to it. The amount of work published on chickpea research during the past decade may well equal all that had appeared in the several decades preceding it. Hence, a need was felt to prepare a critical review of the work done in the past so that a sound basis and direction for future research may clearly emerge. In this volume. an attempt has been made to meet this need. The Chickpea comprises 18 chapters. The first presents the importance of the crop. The two subsequent chapters deal with the botanical aspects of chickpeas. These are followed by a section of four chapters that deal with cultivar development. The next three chapters discuss the production technology and the basis of yield. The section on plant protection follows. comprising a chapter each on diseases. nematodes. insects and weeds. The nutritional quality and utilization aspects which are covered in the subsequent three chapters, lead to the last chapter which deals with trade and price considerations.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.002 | 0.001 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Research integrity | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.015 | 0.011 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".