Open Regionalism In Latin America And The Caribbean: Economic Integration As A Contribution To Changing Production Patterns With Social Equity
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Economic Commission for Latin America and the Caribbean (ECLAC)8 Singer (1950) put forward the same analysis simultaneously and independently.9 The same argument would later be elegantly developed by Lewis (1960), in his classic text on the limited supply of labour.Only much later, would Prebisch (1959) produce an academically rigorous version of the idea, apparently stimulated by Chenery. 10 For a long time, Latin American thinking was dominated by the absolute belief that import substitution was the way to industrialize in Latin America, and that the substituting dynamic was the region's growth model.Around the mid-1970s, the School of Campinas in Brazil, consisting of intellectuals of ECLAC origin, for the first time opposed the idea that industrialization and import substitution were equivalent: the industrialization process would be the bearer of a logic and dynamism that were independent of mere import substitution.This was because it was projected owing to capital accumulation decisions aimed at forming a supply capacity without a demand repressed by import constraints.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.001 | 0.002 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.002 | 0.006 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.001 | 0.002 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.004 | 0.002 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.002 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.023 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".