Phenology, Movement, and Population Size of an Endangered Butterfly, the Mottled Duskywing (Erynnis martialis)
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Extant populations of the mottled duskywing (Erynnis martialis), an endangered butterfly in Canada, occur in Ontario and Manitoba but there are no estimates of population size, and limited knowledge of phenology and movement. We conducted spatially explicit mark-re-sighting over multiple years at two of the largest known populations in Ontario (specific locations withheld). Population sizes at Site A were estimated to be 795 individuals (CL = 617 – 1024) in 2019 and 1165 individuals (849 – 1598) in 2021, while estimates at Site B were 360 (252 – 513) in 2019 and 722 (542 – 961) in 2020. High densities of adults were generally associated with high Ceanothus abundance and mixed and open canopies, but relationships varied by site and year. Eighty percent of adult movements were within 500 m and peak abundance ranged from June 8 – 30. Our work provides valuable information for future management and recovery efforts, including planned translocations in Ontario.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".