PERLINDUNGAN HUKUM TERHADAP PENUMPANG PESAWAT ATAS KETERLAMBATAN ANGKUTAN UDARA INTERNASIONAL
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Article 1 Point 30 of Law No.1 Year 2009 abaout flight describes the definition about the delay as the time difference between the departure or arrival time on scheduled and the departure or arrival time in the realization. In the case of flight delays on the transportation reffered to article 9 Letter a of regulation of the Minister of Transportation No.77 Year 2011, the carrier of responsible for the loss suffered by the pasengger. The compensation that must be given by airlines to passenggers has previously been regulated in the article 36 of the regulation of minister of the transportation No.25 Year 2008 about the implementation of air transportation. While in International Law, the responsibility of flight delays has been regulated in the Article 19 0f the Montreal Convention in 1999 about Convention for the Unification of Certain Rules for International Carriage by Air. These ruler regulate that commercial air transportation is responsible for the loss suffered by passengers because of flight delay. Definitely, the carrier is not burdened with the responsibility if the flight delays happens for safety passenggers. How ever in practice , such damage are often not implemented by airlines. For this reason for resercher was interested in conducting this research with the problems of this research : 1)How was the regulation of the Pasenggers right due to Flight Delay 2)How was the form of Legal Protection for the passenggers toward International Air Transport Delays. The Research methodology used was jurudical normative through descriptive analysis. The results of this reasearch showed that the passengger right in Indonesia positive Law contained in several regulation of Minister Transportation No.25/2008 about providing Air Transportation and the Law No.8/1999 about Consumer Protection. Meanwhile in International Law, the regulation contained in Warsawa Convention 1929 and Montreal Convention 1999. That form of legal protections of the passenggers could be classified into two groups wich where before and after the delay occured. The form of protection before the delay occured were supervision, founding or arrangement. Mean while the form of legal protection after the delay were claim and insurance reimbursements, the lawsuit resolution either through the court or outside the court. In other hand, the international legal aspect, the form of legal protection for the passengger could be seen form the form of legal responsibility used., the burden verification and large nominal damages. Also, based on this research, it was hoped that there would be any specific rules regulating about responsibility of the international air transportation and socialization and more goverment control optimized because it was frequently encountered many passenggers who did not know their right as consumer in the air transportation agreement. \nKeyword : Legal Protection, International Air Transportation Delays
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.004 | 0.001 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.003 | 0.002 |
| Open science | 0.001 | 0.002 |
| Research integrity | 0.001 | 0.002 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.067 | 0.017 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".