Portuguese-Canadians and their academic underachievement in high school in British Columbia: A case of an invisible minority
Bibliographic record
Abstract
On average, Portuguese-Canadians have a lower educational attainment than other ethnicities. With the exception of the Toronto School Board, this issue has been relatively ignored across Canada. I attempt to fill this gap by -focussing on Portuguese-Canadians in British Columbia, specifically in Vancouver, using Census data to provide a statistical profile, and conducting focus groups to identify some of the key challenges participants faced throughout school. Analysing these two data sources brings out a number of alternatives that have been divided into two categories, community and formal school system. On the whole, these alternatives are relatively low cost in comparison to the current level of funding on education and work mainly within the community to foster an interest and growth in educational attainment. Finally, the conclusion recommends the best course of action and role for public policy over time.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.001 | 0.003 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.002 | 0.006 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.035 | 0.005 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.005 | 0.001 |
| Open science | 0.003 | 0.004 |
| Research integrity | 0.002 | 0.003 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.004 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".