Predictors of bone mineral density in young, healthy Canadian men and women
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Background: Little is known about bone health in young, healthy Canadian men and women. Objectives: 1. Describe bone mineral density (BMD) of young, healthy Canadian men and women. 2. Identify predictors of BMD in this population. Methods: Two-hundred and sixty one Caucasian men and women aged 18-25 years completed health and physical activity questionnaires along with a calcium and vitamin D-specific food frequency questionnaire. Height and weight were taken and BMD of the total hip, femoral neck, spine and total body was measured using dual energy x-ray absorptiometry. Results: Among men, body weight, weight-bearing physical activity and calcium intake were significant predictors of BMD. Among women, body weight, calcium intake and family history of osteoporosis significantly predicted log BMD. Conclusion: This study identifies predictors of BMD in young Canadian men and women, and may inform the development of longitudinal studies designed to examine the influence of lifestyle factors on BMD.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.001 | 0.002 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.002 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.002 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".