Securing the homeland? : the impact of 9/11 on the internal role of the U.S. Army
Bibliographic record
Abstract
This thesis examines the impact of the 9/1 1 terrorist attacks on the internal role of the military in the United States.While there has been some debate about the internal role of the military, 9/1 1 did not result in a significant reorientation of the military's role within the borders of the United States.Recently the debate started anew, not because of a terrorist lncident but because of the devastation wrought by Hurricane Katrina.The military has an important role in protecting the United States from foreign enemies in foreign lands, but its use domestically has been restricted; entrenched in law in the late nineteenth century.Few incidents in the American experience have shaken this belief, even 9/11.The military's current internal role in the United States is complicated by historic attitudes towards the military within United States society, the outcome of past internal operations, as well as the relationship between state and federal authorities.The point here is not necessarily to advocate a dramaiic change in the military's role, but to understand the forces ihat have continued to constrain the internal military function.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.005 | 0.003 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.004 | 0.001 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Research integrity | 0.001 | 0.002 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.007 | 0.001 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".