The solidarity economy alternative and movement: The experience of the United States Solidarity Economy Network (USSEN)
Bibliographic record
Abstract
The solidarity economy movement in the US is very recent. While use of this term as a framework for unifying the wide array of people-centred economic concepts and practices started in Canada in the mid- to late 1990s, it only became part of the US lexicon in the mid-2000s (Poirier and Kawano 2009: 145). The US solidarity economy movement took shape with the establishment of the United States Solidarity Economy Network (USSEN) at the First US Social Forum (USSF), held in Atlanta, Georgia, in June 2007. However, it builds on a broad range of pre-existent economic practices, institutions and policies representing alternatives to capitalist production (Allard 2008b). The environmental crisis and the recurring economic turmoil in recent decades have led to a rising interest in these alternatives.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.002 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.001 | 0.003 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.010 | 0.009 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.012 | 0.012 |
| Open science | 0.001 | 0.007 |
| Research integrity | 0.003 | 0.005 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.009 | 0.001 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".