Stream habitat analysis at differing temporal and spatial scales : a study of the relationship between human disturbance and fish habitat in Manitoba Escarpment streams
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Stream habitat analysis was conducted on five different stream systems that originate in the Manitoba Escarpment to collect information on the existing fish communities and to explore potential relationships among the chemical, biological and physical habitat features of the streams in relation to differing levels of human disturbance among the watersheds. The study was modelled on an integrated watershed approach to stream habitat analysis that has been undertaken in several regions of the United States. Nine sites were selected to represent three levels of human disturbance at three spatial scales. The disturbance levels were assigned as "minimally", "moderately" or "highly" disturbed based on an assessment of the amount of human activity (e.g., industry, agriculture, urbanization) in each stream system. The spatial scale categories were defined by drainage area and position within the watershed as "headwater sites" (20-30 km2), "sub-catchment sites" (60-70 km2) and "catchment sites" (200-300 km2). Sample collections of fish, aquatic macroinvertebrates, and stream habitat variables were gathered from each site during the open-water season for a two-year period. Water samples for nutrient and pesticide analyses were collected year-round on a biweekly basis for the same two-year period as the biological and habitat data. The data were examined using summary statistics, cluster analysis and Principal Component Analysis (PCA). Eighteen regionally used pesticides were detected from samples collected during spring, summer, and fall application periods, and in winter samples collected outside of application periods. Low levels of pesticides were detected in streams located within Riding Mountain National Park that are upstream of agricultural activities. The study identified nineteen fish species and provided new locality records for sixteen fish species, some of which may be relict populations from post-glacial recolonizations of southern Manitoba's waterways. Data analysis indicated higher nutrient concentrations, increased pesticide detections and a higher number of channel alterations or barriers to fish passage in the "moderately" and "highly" disturbed sites in comparison to the "minimally" disturbed sites. Fish species diversity was lowest in the "highly" disturbed sites and highest at the "moderately" disturbed headwater site, "minimally" disturbed sub-catchment site and "minimally" disturbed catchment site. These results suggested that the proximity and presence of human disturbances, particularly activities related to agricultural practices and land-clearing, has affected these stream habitats, but these effects can be ameliorated by the maintenance of perennial flows, fish access to upstream and downstream areas, riparian zone integrity, and instream habitat heterogeneity.
Fetched live from OpenAlex and de-inverted. Abstracts are not stored in this database: the inverted indexes are 8.6 GB of the frame’s 9.3 GB of text, and the host has 13 GB free.
How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".