U.S. Court of International Trade
Bibliographic record
Abstract
V.O.S. Selections, Inc. v. United States 🇺🇸 49-page summary judgment issued by a three-judge panel at the U.S. Court of International Trade - filed on May 28, 2025 ▪ The court’s ruling nullified Trump’s executive orders imposing 25 percent duties on Canadian & Mexican products and a 20 percent tariff on Chinese products in response to a purported national emergency on drug trafficking. ▪ It also struck down a 10 percent tariff imposed on all U.S. trading partners to address trade deficits, as well as Trump’s paused “reciprocal” tariffs of between 20 & 50 percent on 60-odd trading partners, (which are now scheduled to go into effect on July 9th, 2025 if foreign governments can’t reach a deal with the White House before then. Research Links: ▪ U.S. Constitution ▪ Judicial Review ▪ Enumerated Powers ▪ Article I, Section 8 ▪ Commerce Clause ▪ Taxing & Spending Clause ▪ Foreign Emoluments Clause ▪ Smoot–Hawley Tariff Act ▪ Happy Tariff Day!
Fetched live from OpenAlex and de-inverted. Abstracts are not stored in this database: the inverted indexes are 8.6 GB of the frame’s 9.3 GB of text, and the host has 13 GB free.
How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.004 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".