Youth, Work, and Military Service: Findings from Two Decades of Monitoring the Future National Samples of American Youth
Bibliographic record
Abstract
This report examines the work-related attitudes and experiences of high school seniors and young adults, using questionnaire data from the Monitoring the Future project covering nearly a quarter century. This summary provides brief highlights of the report. This report considers four interrelated research questions, which may be of general interest to those concerned with youth and vocational development, and which should be of particular interest to those concerned with military personnel and recruitment: 1. How can we characterize the work-related attitudes and values of high school seniors in recent years those who were students in the nineties? 2. Have these attitudes and values changed importantly during the past quarter-century (specifically, since 1976)? 3. Do high school seniors expecting to enter military service show marked differences from their classmates, on average, along any of these attitude and value dimensions? And have any such differences changed appreciably (since 1976)? 4. Do high school graduates who actually enter military service differ from their classmates who enter college, or from their classmates who enter civilian employment, along any of these attitude and value dimensions? If so, to what extent are such differences evident during the senior year of high school (indicating self-selection), and to what extent do they emerge after entry into the different post-high school environments (indicating socialization)?
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.002 | 0.004 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.002 | 0.002 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.002 | 0.001 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.002 |
| Research integrity | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".