Understanding the impact of the scavenging capacity on costs of the UV chlorine advanced oxidation process for drinking water treatment using the external calibration method and the development of cost curves.
Bibliographic record
Abstract
UV-driven advanced oxidation processes (e.g. UV/H2O2, UV/Cl) that couple UV irradiation with oxidizing chemicals to generate highly reactive species such as ·OH radicals and reactive chlorine species are increasingly being recommended for the removal of recalcitrant organic contaminants in drinking water and wastewater. Establishing the doses of UV and oxidant required to achieve treatment objectives is challenging because many species besides the contaminant(s) of interest exert a scavenging capacity for the highly reactive species generated in advanced oxidation processes. Overall, the aim of this research was to establish whether a colour-based test developed to measure the hydroxyl radical scavenging capacity of water samples could be adapted to measure the scavenging capacity of reactive chlorine species in addition to hydroxyl radicals. The results were used to estimate the cost implications of installing a UV/H2O2 or UV/Cl reactor in a drinking water treatment plant. Initial capital and ongoing operational and maintenance cost curves were developed to characterize the potential cost savings of utilizing the method to treat a well-known contaminant of concern.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.003 | 0.006 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.002 | 0.002 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Open science | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.003 | 0.001 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".