Update on global ozone: past, present, and future
Bibliographic record
Abstract
This chapter deals with the evolution of global ozone outside of the polar regions. The increase of ozone depleting \nsubstance (ODS) concentrations caused the large ozone decline observed from 1980 to the mid- \n1990s. Since the late 1990s, concentrations of ODSs have been declining due to the successful \nimplementation of the Montreal Protocol. As reported in the last Assessment, global ozone levels have \nremained stable since 2000. Ozone columns observed in the last four years have largely remained in the \nrange observed since 2000. \nOver the next decades we expect increasing global-mean stratospheric ozone columns, as ODSs decline \nfurther. Climate change and emissions of greenhouse gases, especially carbon dioxide (CO2), methane \n(CH4), and nitrous oxide (N2O), also affect the evolution of global stratospheric ozone, particularly in the \nsecond half of the 21st century, when ODS concentrations are expected to be low.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.002 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.003 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".