10-Year Observation of Alien Mysids and Amphipods in Belarus
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Aim of the study: Analysis of own and published data for 10-year monitoring of alien mysids and amphipods and updating of recently published data.Material and Methods: Alien mysids and amphipods have been studying in Belarus since 2006.All the sampling sites were located in public and non-protected areas.No permissions were required for sampling.Samples were taken by hand net (mesh size: 500m, diameter: 2525cm) and/or picked by hand from submerged macrophytes, stones, wood and other natural or artificial items floating or submerged in the water.Crustaceans were fixed by 98% ethanol.The specimens were identified based on Cruu et al. (1955), Morduchai-Boltovskoy (1969) and Dobson (2013).Laboratory operations were conducted at the Canadian Centre for DNA Barcoding (CCDB), University of Guelph.DNA was extracted from whole legs of 380 crustaceans using an automated silica-based protocol with glass fibre filtration plates (Ivanova et al., 2006).The 658-bp barcode region of the mitochondrial cytochrome c oxidase subunit 1(CO1) gene was amplified by Lepidoptera and Folmer primer cocktail (C_LepFolF / C_LepFolR, 1:1) and crustacean primer CrustDF1 / CrustDR1.The polymerase chain reaction (PCR) was performed in 12.5 L volume containing 6.25L 10% trehalose, 2L ddH2O, 1.25L 10 PCR buffer, 0.625L MgCl2 (50 mM), 0.125L of each primer (10m), 0.0625L dNTPs (10 mM), 0.06L Platinum Taq polymerase (5 U/L) and 2L DNA template.The thermocycling regime used for all reactions was: initial denaturation at 94C for 1 min, 5 cycles of 94C for 40 s, 45C for 40 s and 72C for 1 min, followed by 35 cycles of 94C for 40 s, 51C for 40 s and 72C for 1 min, and a final step of 72C for 5 min.Bidirectional sequencing followed CCDB sequencing protocols using BigDye 3.1 (Ivanova & Grainger, 2007). Results:The revision of publications during 10 years of observation alien mysids and amphipods was done.Some details of records and distribution of alien species were corrected.Nowadays, two species of Ponto-Caspian mysids and nine species of Ponto-Caspian amphipods are known to have established in the water bodies of Belarus.The main hotspot of alien mysids and amphipods in Belarus is the Dnieper River near Niznie Zhary vill., where eleven alien species were recorded.The new records of Echinogammarus trichiaus, Chelicorophium curvispinum, Ch. robustum and Paramysis lacustris were pointed out in Belarus.The upper sites of alien mysids and aphipods distribution were revealed in the main waterways in Belarus.DNA sequences were obtained from nine alien amphipods and alien mysid Limnomysis benedeni.Identification of E. trichiatus was proved by DNA barcoding.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Open science | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".