Aberrant ocular infection by Angiostrongylus vasorum in a dog
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Aberrant ocular infection by Angiostrongylus vasorum in a dog \nLia Riccardo Paolo1 Traversa Donato2 D’Anna Nunzio3 Giannelli Alessio1, Dantas-Torres Filipe1,4, Otranto Domenico1 \n \nDipartimento di Medicina Veterinaria, Università degli Studi di Bari, Italy; 2Facoltà di Medicina Veterinaria, Università degli Studi di Teramo, Italy; 3 Clinica Veterinaria Roma Sud, Roma, Italy; 4 Department of Immunology, Aggeu Magalhães Research Centre, Recife-PE, Brazil \n \nIntroduction Canine angiostrongylosis caused by Angiostrongylus vasorum (Strongylida: Angiostrongylidae) is an emerging mollusc-borne parasitosis causing cardio-respiratory signs and coagulopathies. The nematode resides in the pulmonary arteries and in the right side of the heart of dogs that become infected by the ingestion of gastropod intermediate hosts (i.e., slugs and snails). This helminthic disease is an emerging issue in several European countries, including Italy (Traversa et al., 2013, Parasitol Res, 112:2473-2480). Although A. vasorum may localize in other districts (i.e., spleen, pancreas, kidneys, liver, skeletal muscles, brain), aberrant ocular migrations have been reported only sporadically (Raillet & Henry, 1913, Bullettin de la Societe Centrale de Medicine Veterinarie. 67:209-215; Henry & Lesbouyries, 1927, Bullettin de la Societe Centrale de Medicine Veterinarie, 80:263-265; Rosenlund et al., 1993, Eur J. Compan Anim. Pract., 3:31-33; King et al., 1994, J. Small Anim. Pract., 35:326-328; Parry et al., 1994, Can. Vet. J., 32:430-431; Payen, 2004, International Veterinary Ophthalmology Meeting; Munich. p. 125; Manning, 2007, Vet Rec., 160:625-627). The present study describes an unusual case of ocular angiostrongylosis in a dog living in central Italy. \nMaterials and methods A 5 month-old mixed-breed dog was referred to a private veterinary clinic in Roma for an ophthalmological examination, during which corneal oedema and episcleral hyperaemia in the right eye was observed. After a diagnosis of anterior uveitis, the ultrasound examination of the eye showed a blood clot in the anterior chamber. Fifteen days after the visit, the hyphema disappeared but a free-swimming nematode was retrieved in the anterior chamber. The nematode was extracted surgically and morphologically and morphometrically identified (Costa et al., 2003, Revue Med. Vet., 154:9-16). Topical and systemic antibiotics and steroids were administered for the following 3 weeks and dog recovered without any complication. \nResults The nematode (105 mm in length and 0.29 mm in width at the middle portion; anterior and posterior ends of 0.109 mm and 0.176 mm in length, respectively) was identified as a male A. vasorum. Briefly, the nematode presented a smooth cuticle and a slender body, attenuated at the end and enlarged anteriorly where a small buccal aperture was observed. The posterior end was ventrally curved, with a short copulatory bursa. Spicules measured 0.404 mm and 0.388 mm in length. \nConclusions Several clinical signs have been associated to A. vasorum, but the presence of larvae and pre-adult stages within the eyes are an occasional finding. Ocular angiostrongylosis has been sporadically described in dogs from France, United Kingdom, Denmark and Canada. This is the first report of A. vasorum in the eye of a dog from Italy. Practitioners working in areas where A. vasorum is endemic should include canine angiostrongylosis not only in the differential diagnosis of canine cardio-respiratory diseases but also of ocular diseases.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.002 | 0.001 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Research integrity | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".