The American bullfrog (Lithobates catesbeinanus) in the Kootenay Region of British Columbia: a prey species analysis
Bibliographic record
Abstract
The American bullfrog (Lithobates catesbeinanus) is an inasive species in British Columbia.An invasive species is a non-native species that can rapidly increase in population size as it has no natural predators in the area.The American bullfrog poses a threat to the populations of native amphibian species in the Kootenay Region by outcompeting them for food and resources, but also by preying on them.This study analyzes the stomach contents of American bullfrogs collected from Lomond Lake BC, to determine if American bullfrogs are preying on native amphibians in the Kootenay Region.Stomach contents were analyzed and classified to isolate what the most common prey of bullfrogs are, and to look for presence the of amphibians.Of the 35 specimens dissected, no amphibians were found in the stomach contents.The predominant prey found were insects.It is speculated that no amphibians were found due to the smaller mean size (length and weight) of the bullfrogs sampled, when compared to the size of bullfrogs in studies that found amphibians in stomach contents.Going forward, the bullfrog populations in the Kootenay Region should continue to be monitored as they have the potential to negatively impact native amphibian species.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.005 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.003 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.002 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.002 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.002 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".