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Record W7054650135

Análisis neutrónico del reactor de sales fundidas SSR-W 300 con el combustible gastado de un reactor de agua ligera

2020· dissertation· es· W7054650135 on OpenAlexaboutno aff

Bibliographic record

VenueUPM Digital Archive (Technical University of Madrid) · 2020
Typedissertation
Languagees
FieldEngineering
TopicLaser Design and Applications
Canadian institutionsnot available
Fundersnot available
Keywordsnot available
DOInot available

Abstract

fetched live from OpenAlex

El aumento de la población mundial, así como los requerimientos de energía que la sociedad necesita para satisfacer sus necesidades, han abocado al planeta desde comienzos del siglo pasado a un incremento generalizado y sin precedentes de la temperatura media mundial. Esto se debe, en gran parte, a las emisiones de gases de efecto invernadero de origen antropogénico derivadas del uso de las fuentes de energía más comunes, como los combustibles fósiles.
\n
\nEn la década de los 50, la búsqueda de nuevas fuentes de energía carentes de emisiones y con alta disponibilidad llevó al uso comercial de la energía nuclear de fisión, hasta entonces restringida a aplicaciones militares. A día de hoy sin una solución práctica, el peor impacto de esta fuente de energía son los residuos de mayor actividad, el combustible nuclear irradiado, formado por isótopos de larga vida media y emisores en muchos casos de radiación ionizante, tóxica para el ser humano.
\n
\nLos reactores nucleares de Generación IV, surgidos a comienzo del milenio, son seis dispositivos de fisión caracterizados por su mejor aprovechamiento del combustible; aumentarlaseguridadpasivafrentegeneracionespredecesorasy,pormejorar el rendimiento energético de las instalaciones; a la vez que reducen la actividad de los residuos generados. Estas instalaciones de Generación IV tratan de solucionar esta problemática asegurando el abastecimiento estable y constante de energía, esperando su puesta en operación comercial las próximas décadas.
\n
\nUno de estos reactores pioneros es el reactor de sales fundidas, del cual la empresa británica MOLTEX ha diseñado un prototipo de combustible estático denominado Stable Salt Reactor Wasteburner, que actualmente está en proceso de aprobación para su operación en Canadá. Se caracteriza por: su capacidad de quemado de sales ricas en elementos transuránicos (como plutonio, neptunio y americio), provenientes de residuos de los actuales reactores en operación de agua pesada CANDU; su modularidad en el escalamiento de la planta y capacidad de respaldo a fuentes de energía intermitentes, como lo son las renovables, gracias a su inercia térmica.
\n
\nEste trabajo desarrolla un análisis de la tecnología de este dispositivo en su aspecto técnico y neutrónico, con el foco en su potencial aplicabilidad al uso de residuos de reactores de agua ligera, la totalidad de los operativos a día de hoy en España, reprocesados como combustible mediante el proceso WATSS desarrollado por MOLTEX. Para ello se hace uso del código estocástico de difusión neutrónica y quemado conocido como Monte Carlo N-Particle (en sus versiones MCNP5 y MCNPX-CINDER), en las siguientes simulaciones:
\n
\n- Modelado y análisis de la composición isotópica de combustible de un reactor PWR (Almaraz I ) en sus etapas de quemado hasta un valor estándar (50.000 GW día/MTU ) y posterior estancia en piscina.
\n- Evaluación del combustible reprocesado propuesto y su neutrónica en el reactor de sales, tanto en sus parámetros indicadores de comportamiento seguro durante la operación ante transitorios de temperatura, y en su efectividad en
\nla eliminación de isótopos perniciosos anteriormente mencionados.
\n
\nAmbos grupos de experiencias arrojan resultados de utilidad; se comprueba la peligrosidad y presencia de los productos de fisión y transuránidos con potencial energético en los residuos de un reactor PWR; el coeficiente Doppler, que rige la retroalimentación a la potencia del reactor de sales al variar la temperatura del combustible, alcanza valores negativos y del orden de los esperados para reactores de combustible en estado líquido con espectro rápido; y por último, la reducción de la abundancia atómica de elementos de mayor riesgo en el momento de la descarga del núcleo.
\n
\nLa incorporación de esta tecnología de viabilidad contrastada en este trabajo facilita identificar una alternativa que podría asegurar la continuidad de la generación eléctrica de origen nuclear en el mix nacional en los años venideros. Se solucionaría parcialmente, la polémica problemática de la gestión de los residuos nucleares en nuestro país, actualmente almacenados en caducas instalaciones, y con un destino igual de incierto que el propio sector.
\n
\n
\nThe increase of world’s population as well as higher energy demands to satisfy societal needs, have led the planet since the last century to a generalized and unprecedented increase of the world's average temperature. This is due, in grand part, to anthropogenic greenhouse gas emissions derived from the use of common energy sources such as fossil fuels.
\n
\nIn the 1950s, the search for new energy sources without emissions and with high availability, led to the commercial use of nuclear fission energy, restricted untill that date to military applications. Today, without a practical solution, the worst impact of this energy source is its most active waste. The irradiated nuclear fuel, made up of isotopes with a long half-life and emitters of ionizing radiation, toxic to humans.
\n
\nThe Generation IV of nuclear reactors, which emmerged at the beginning of the millennium, are formed by six fission devices characterised by their better fuel use, increased passive safety compared to predecessor generations, and by improving the energy efficiency of the facilities, while reducing the activity of generated waste. These Generation IV facilities try to solve this problem by providing a stable and constant supply of energy, which lead to commercial operation in the coming decades.
\n
\nOne of these new is the molten salt reactor, whose prototype of static fuel called the Stable Salt Reactor Wasteburner has been designed by the British company MOLTEX which is currently on approval to operate in Canada. It is characterised by: its capacity to burn salts rich in transuranic elements (such as plutonium, neptunium and americium) which are a byproduct waste of the current CANDU heavy water reactors in operation; its modularity for plant scale up; its backup capacity to intermittent energy sources, such as renewables due to its thermal inertia.
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\nThis work develops an analysis of the technology of this device in its technical and neutronic aspects, focusing on its potential applicability to the use of reprocessed light water reactor waste as fuel through the WATSS process developed by MOLTEX. It is done using the burnt neutron diffusion stochastic code known as Monte Carlo N-Particle (in its MCNP5 and MCNPX-CINDER versions), in the following scenarios:
\n
\n- Modeling and analysis of the isotopic fuel composition of a PWR reactor (Almaraz I) in its burning stages up to a standard value (50.000 GWday/MTU) and subsequent stay in the pool. 
\n
\n- Evaluation of the proposed reprocessed fuel and its neutronics in the salt reactor, both in terms of its parameters indicating safe behaviour during operation under temperature transients and its effectiveness in eliminating the aforementioned harmful isotopes.
\n
\nBoth groups of simulation results confirmed the danger and the presence of fission products and transuranides with energy potential in the waste of a PWR. Additionally, the Doppler coefficient, which governs the feedback to the potency of the salt reactor when the fuel temperature varies, reaches negative values and of the order of those expected for liquid fuel reactors with fast spectrum. Finally, the reduction of the atomic abundance of greater risk elements at the moment of the nucleus discharge.
\n
\nThe incorporation of this proven viability, done in this work, could facilitate identification of alternatives that ensure the continuity of nuclear power generation in the coming years. In this way, partially solving in Spain the controversial problem of nuclear waste management, currently stored in outdated facilities, would be partially solved, but still leaving an uncertain destination as the sector itself.

Fetched live from OpenAlex and de-inverted. Abstracts are not stored in this database: the inverted indexes are 8.6 GB of the frame’s 9.3 GB of text, and the host has 13 GB free.

How this classification was reachedexpand

Full frame distilled prediction

Teacher imitation

Not calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.

metaresearch head score (Codex)0.000
metaresearch head score (Gemma)0.000
Version: codex-gemma-dda1882f352aValidation status: machine_predicted_unvalidated
Candidate categoriesMeta-epidemiology (narrow)
Consensus categoriesnone
DomainCandidate signal: none · Consensus signal: none
Study designCandidate signal: Bench or experimental · Consensus signal: none
GenreCandidate signal: Empirical · Consensus signal: Empirical
Teacher disagreement score0.657
Threshold uncertainty score0.999

Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category

CategoryCodexGemma
Metaresearch0.0000.000
Meta-epidemiology (narrow)0.0010.001
Meta-epidemiology (broad)0.0010.001
Bibliometrics0.0000.000
Science and technology studies0.0000.000
Scholarly communication0.0000.000
Open science0.0010.000
Research integrity0.0010.001
Insufficient payload (model declined to judge)0.0000.000

Machine scores (provisional)

The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.

Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.

Opus teacher head0.010
GPT teacher head0.208
Teacher spread0.198 · how far apart the two teachers sit on this one work
Validation statusscore_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from it

Classification

machine, unvalidated

Machine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.

Study designBench or experimental
Domainnot available
GenreEmpirical

How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".

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Citations0
Published2020
Admission routes1
Has abstractyes

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