Causal agent, biology and management of the leaf and stem disease of boxwood (Buxus spp.)
Bibliographic record
Abstract
An outbreak of a boxwood disease was observed in Southern Ontario nurseries in 2008, but appears to have been present in Ontario for at least 10 years. From 2008 to 2010, over fungal 312 isolates were obtained from diseased samples. Eight major fungal morphotypes associated with the blight were identified with morphological and molecular techniques. Among them, only 'Volutella buxi' successfully satisfied Koch's postulates, which confirmed it is the causal agent of boxwood blight. Wounds may be the major penetration points for 'V. buxi' since non-wounded inoculated tissues did not become diseased. The 'Buxus' cultivar 'Green Gem' was the most susceptible compared to 'Green Velvet', 'Green Mound', or 'Green Mountain'. ISSR markers revealed low genetic variation of V buxi between different cultivars and locations indicating asexual reproduction and probably a recent origin in Canada. Six fungicidal treatments showed strong preventive activity and some curative activity against Volutella blight.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".