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Record W7054992905

Caractérisation de la nucléase SSNA : un régulateur des transferts horizontaux de gènes et déterminant de la virulence de Neisseria meningitidis

2023· dissertation· fr· W7054992905 on OpenAlexaboutno aff

Bibliographic record

VenueEspaceINRS Institutional Digital Repository (Institut National de la Recherche Scientifique) · 2023
Typedissertation
Languagefr
FieldEngineering
TopicLaser Design and Applications
Canadian institutionsnot available
Fundersnot available
KeywordsNeisseria meningitidisMeningococcal InfectionsNeisseriaceaeDuty to protect
DOInot available

Abstract

fetched live from OpenAlex

Les bactéries du genre Neisseria sont un exemple remarquable d’évolution et d’adaptation. Composées principalement d’espèces commensales, seules deux espèces sont pathogènes chez l’humain : N. meningitidis et N. gonorrhoeae. La première est responsable d’infections systémiques souvent mortelles lorsque non traitées, tandis que la seconde cause une infection transmise sexuellement très prévalente au Canada. Plusieurs attributs contribuent à l’évolution rapide et complexe des Neisseria. Leur génome est une véritable mosaïque d’éléments répétés, dont beaucoup sont encore méconnus. De plus, ces bactéries sont naturellement compétentes, signifiant qu’elles ont la capacité d’acquérir de l’ADN de leur environnement par transformation, mais la régulation de ce mécanisme est mal comprise. \nCette étude s’intéresse à une petite protéine hypothétique des Neisseria, dont plusieurs caractéristiques lui suggèrent des rôles biologiques et évolutifs importants. Nous avons nommé celle-ci SsnA pour Specific single-strand nuclease. Son gène est entouré de nombreuses copies d’une séquence répétée aux fonctions jusque-là inconnues, nommées NTS. Dans le but de percer les secrets de ces deux éléments intrigants, nous avons procédé à leur caractérisation exhaustive en utilisant des approches complémentaires incluant des études bio-informatiques, biochimiques, phénotypiques en plus de modèles animaux. Nos résultats démontrent que SsnA est une endonucléase d’ADN simple-brin ciblant spécifiquement les séquences répétées NTS, présentes en centaines de copies dans le génome de N. meningitidis. Grâce à cette activité enzymatique unique, SsnA régule l’intégration d’ADN exogène par transformation, un des principaux mécanismes de transfert horizontal de gènes chez les Neisseria. Notre étude révèle également que cette nucléase est un déterminant majeur de la virulence de N. meningitidis. Enfin, nos analyses suggèrent que SsnA est le premier membre caractérisé d’une vaste famille de nucléases aux spécificités diverses, dont les fonctions biologiques restent à définir. \nEn conclusion, cette étude marque plusieurs découvertes majeures en recherche fondamentale, mais aussi dans le domaine biotechnologique. En effet, en plus de mettre en lumière un nouveau déterminant de la virulence de N. meningitidis et un médiateur important des transferts horizontaux de gènes, cette étude révèle une toute nouvelle famille d’enzymes clivant spécifiquement l’ADN simple-brin, une activité enzymatique particulièrement rare qui pourrait être exploitée en ingénierie génétique. Bacteria from the Neisseria genus are a remarkable example of host adaptation and intricate evolution. Mainly composed of commensal species, only two species are human pathogens: N. meningitidis and N. gonorrhoeae. The former is responsible for deadly systemic infections, while the latter causes a sexually transmissible disease highly prevalent in Canada. Several attributes have contributed to the fast-paced evolution of Neisseria. Their genome is a true mosaic of repeated elements, many of which are still cryptic. Moreover, these species are naturally competent, meaning that they can acquire environmental DNA through transformation, although the regulation of this mechanism is poorly understood. \nThis fundamental study focuses on a small hypothetical protein from the Neisseria genus, of which several characteristics suggest important biological and evolutionary roles. We named this protein SsnA for Specific single-strand nuclease. Its gene is surrounded by numerous copies of a repeated sequence with unknown functions, named NTS. With the aim of unlocking the secrets of these two elements, we proceeded to comprehensively characterize them using complementary approaches, including bioinformatics, biochemistry, phenotypic studies, and animal models. Our results demonstrate that SsnA is a single-strand DNA endonuclease specifically targeting the NTS repeated sequences, found in hundreds of copies in the N. meningitidis genome. Due to this unique enzymatic activity, SsnA regulates the integration of foreign DNA by transformation, which is one of the main means of horizontal gene transfers in Neisseria. Surprisingly, our study also reveals that this nuclease is a major virulence determinant of N. meningitidis. Finally, our analyses suggest that SsnA is the first characterized member of a vast nuclease family with diverse specificities, the biological functions of which are yet to be defined. \nIn conclusion, this study marks several important discoveries for the fundamental research of Neisseria, as well as the biotechnology field. Indeed, in addition to shedding light on a novel virulence determinant of N. meningitidis and an important horizontal gene transfer mediator, this study reveals a broad family of nucleases that specifically cut single-stranded DNA, a particularly rare enzymatic activity that could be exploited for genetic engineering.

Fetched live from OpenAlex and de-inverted. Abstracts are not stored in this database: the inverted indexes are 8.6 GB of the frame’s 9.3 GB of text, and the host has 13 GB free.

How this classification was reachedexpand

Full frame machine prediction

Teacher imitation

Not calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.

metaresearch head score (Codex)0.000
metaresearch head score (Gemma)0.001
Version: metacan-v3-hybrid-931329e0061cValidation status: machine_predicted_unvalidated
Candidate categoriesnone
Consensus categoriesnone
DomainCandidate signal: none · Consensus signal: none
Study designCandidate signal: Bench or experimental · Consensus signal: Bench or experimental
GenreCandidate signal: Empirical · Consensus signal: Empirical
Teacher disagreement score0.008
Threshold uncertainty score0.016

Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)

CategoryCodexGemma
Metaresearch0.0000.001
Meta-epidemiology (narrow)0.0010.000
Meta-epidemiology (broad)0.0000.001
Bibliometrics0.0000.000
Science and technology studies0.0010.001
Scholarly communication0.0020.001
Open science0.0000.000
Research integrity0.0020.001
Insufficient payload (model declined to judge)0.0030.002

Machine scores (provisional)

The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.

Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.

Opus teacher head0.049
GPT teacher head0.329
Teacher spread0.280 · how far apart the two teachers sit on this one work
Validation statusscore_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from it

Classification

machine, unvalidated

Machine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.

The models applied no category: nothing in the taxonomy fit this work.
Study designBench or experimental
Domainnot available
GenreEmpirical

How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".

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Citations0
Published2023
Admission routes1
Has abstractyes

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