Chemical analysis of soils of Kowloon (Hong Kong) eaten by hybrid macaques
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Geophagy, the deliberate act of eating soil, has been observed in various primate species, although the reasons for this behavior are poorly understood. The present study supports the general hypothesis that the physical and/or chemical nature of the soil is a likely reason for geophagy in hybrid macaque monkeys of Kowloon, Hong Kong. Samples were taken from areas where macaques were seen to be eating soil and from areas where there was no evidence of geophagy. Samples that were refused by the macaques were also obtained. Soils were analyzed for the following chemical and physical properties: soil pH, cation exchange capacity, organically bound and inorganic crystalline and poorly crystalline Fe and Al, organic carbon, acid extractable elements, particle size, and soil mineralogy. The study supports a hypothesis that the monkeys are using visual cues to choose preferentially soils for ingestion. More frequently they chose fine-textured soils that were higher in Fe and Al oxides. We speculate that these properties are sought to aid in digestive processes.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".