Climatic Implications of a Tree-Ring Record of Ground Heave, Ram River Area, N.W.T. Canada
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Soil movements by ground heave and subsidence have affected areas of the North American Arctic for thousands of years (1). Zoltai (2) reconstructed the history of ground heave on hummocky permafrost terrain for the period 18101972 A.D. in the Inuvik and Norman Wells (Northwest Territories) areas, using compression-wood growth patterns in annual rings of conifers affected by heaving. His data revealed above-average levels of activity for the period 1847 to 1943, and low levels of activity since the mid-1940s. He suggested that the high levels of activity were related to higher than normal fall temperatures and precipitation; i.e., activity related to possible permafrost degradation, leading to ground subsidence and subsequent tilting of trees growing in the overlying active layer. A cooling trend since 1950 was reflected in a general quiescence of heave activity and complacent tree rings.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.001 | 0.002 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.002 | 0.001 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.002 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".