Climate Change Inaction in Canada: Political Subsystems and Policy Outcomes in the Oil & Gas Industry, 1999-2019
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Despite increasing urgency of the climate crisis, Canada is unlikely to meet its 2030 greenhouse gas emissions reduction target under the Paris Agreement. The expansion of the countrys fossil fuel industry is one of the main causes for Canadas emissions. Consequently, recent studies have adopted a policy network approach to outline the relationship between the federal government and the fossil fuel industry to explain the countrys inaction. However, the relationship between this network and actual policy outcomes remains unclear. Hence, this study determines the extent to which climate and energy policy change applied by the federal and Alberta provincial governments reflect the interests of the fossil fuel industry. The main findings point to the fossil fuel industry having had substantial political influence on climate and energy policy decisions over the last twenty years, although its influence has been increasingly contested over time. However, this network remains influential in Canadian politics.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.009 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".