Combining in situ observations and remote sensing data to determine the spatial extent of rain-on-snow events on the Brøgger peninsula
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Climate change is particularly impacting the Arctic, where the temperature increase is stronger than the global mean due to Arctic Amplification. Long-term observations at sites such as Ny-Alesund on the Brøgger’s peninsula in Svalbard allow understanding meteorological changes taking place in the Arctic. In the last decades, Ny Alesund was affected by a large increase of winter temperatures leading to occasional periods of positive temperatures lasting few days. As a result, the number of rainfall events also increased, contributing to an early degradation of the snowpack on the Brogger peninsula. Meteorological measurements such as at Ny Alesund allow to quantify the temporal variability of these “rain on snow” (ROS) events at specific points. The goal of this study is (i) to spatialize recent ROS events on the Brøgger peninsula during the period 2019-2022 using remote sensing radar data and (ii) to characterize the atmospheric origin of these events using anomalies of 500 hPa height or the identification of cyclonic systems. We use SAR satellite images from each event, mainly TSX and RCM images provided by German and Canadian Space Agencies. We processed the images with a thresholding method in order to find the spatial elevation limits between wet and dry snow after the events. PlanetScope optical images are used for snow extent validation. During the ROS episodes, the snow remains generally dry upstream of the glaciers, while at lower altitudes the snow on the peninsula is systematically wet. These ROS episodes are associated to cyclonic systems originated from the Northern Atlantic Ocean, and to a strong Z500 gradient from high pressure centered in Norway and low pressure centered in Greenland. These results are important to better characterize the origins and the spatial variability of ROS events and to evaluate the impact of these specific events on glaciers, permafrost, or ecology.
Fetched live from OpenAlex and de-inverted. Abstracts are not stored in this database: the inverted indexes are 8.6 GB of the frame’s 9.3 GB of text, and the host has 13 GB free.
How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.002 | 0.002 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".