Coastal Ocean Acidification Along the Washington Coast Adjacent to the Salish Sea
Bibliographic record
Abstract
The continental shelf waters off the west coast of North America are exposed to water with increasing concentrations of anthropogenic CO2 (Canthro) from exchanges with the atmosphere and the shoreward transport and mixing of upwelled water from the south and west. Hydrographic measurements were made offshore of the west coast of the United States and Canada on the RV Ronald H. Brown on the West Coast Ocean Acidification cruise in June and July of 2021 (WCOA2021). The primary goal of this WCOA2021 cruise was to measure the physics, chemistry, and biology of this region from Queen Charlotte Sound in British Columbia to southern California in order to develop a clearer understanding of the intersection of natural and anthropogenic ocean acidification, deoxygenation, and biogeochemical cycling processes in these waters. This region is a natural laboratory for studying the chemical and ecological impacts of ocean acidification and deoxygenation due to spring and summertime wind-driven upwelling of cold waters that are rich in re-mineralized carbon and nutrients and poor in oxygen. The upwelled nutrients drive intense cycling of organic matter that is created through photosynthesis in the surface ocean and degraded through biological respiration in subsurface habitats. We observed reductions in pH and decreases in aragonite saturation state of up to 0.1 and 0.2, respectively, relative to a linear mixing model for surface and subsurface waters due to the enhanced respiration processes in the subsurface waters off the coasts of Washington and Oregon where hypoxic conditions prevailed over much of the region. These conditions for dissolved oxygen, pH and aragonite saturation state in the subsurface waters were below critical thresholds for several marine species of importance to the California Current Ecosystem.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".