The "Civil Solidarity Pact" (PACS) in France an impossible evaluation
Bibliographic record
Abstract
In the fall of 1999, the French Parliament passed a law offering the possibility for unmarried couples to acquire a legal status thanks to the “Civil Solidarity Pact” (Pacte Civil de Solidarité), or PACS. The PACS is open to both heterosexual and homosexual couples. From the date the law was enacted — November 15, 1999 — until the end of March 2001, approximately 37,000 PACS were registered (6,211 in 1999, 23,644 in 2000, and 7,238 during the first quarter of 2001). Northern European countries were the first, about twelve years ago, to make provisions for the legal recognition of unmarried couples; southern European countries gradually followed suit. Nonetheless, the countries which have implemented such laws are a small and heterogeneous group: in Scandinavia, only homosexual couples are concerned by new protection laws, and their rights are very similar to those of heterosexual married couples; in the Netherlands, in France and in other countries where similar bills are now under study, the law targets both homosexual and heterosexual couples and offers them an option which is often quite different from marriage
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.009 | 0.013 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.002 | 0.002 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.010 | 0.006 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.011 | 0.006 |
| Open science | 0.001 | 0.004 |
| Research integrity | 0.007 | 0.004 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.012 | 0.001 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".