Cultivated mushrooms: Disease control in mushroom industry
Why this work is in the frame
A frame that forgets how it found something cannot be audited. These are the routes that admitted this work.
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Button mushroom (Agaricus bisporus), oyster mushroom (Pleurotus sp.) and shii-take (Lentinus edodes) are the most commonly cultivated basidiomycetes worldwide. The production of fruiting bodies is severely afflicted by fungal, bacterial, and viral pathogens that can cause diseases which have an effect on yield and quality. Major A. bisporus fungal pathogens are Mycogone perniciosa, Lecanicillium fungicola, and Cladobotryum with two species mycophillum and dendroides, causal agents of dry bubble, wet bubble, and cobweb disease, respectively. Various Trichoderma species are the causal organisms of green mould, affecting all three edible mushrooms. The usual method of controlling of diseases on farms worldwide is based on the use of fungicides. However, development of pathogen resistance to fungicides after frequent application and host sensitivity to fungicides are serious problems. For improvement of crop protection and reduction of production costs, the effects of some new fungicides are being tested. The strains of edible mushrooms that were recently commonly cultivated seem to be more tolerant to fungicides in vitro than the earlier commercial strains. Resistance to benzimidazole fungicides has developed and the number of available fungicides is decreasing. Since studies of fungicides efficacy on cultivated mushrooms by agrochemical companies are very rare, only few fungicides are officially recommended in mushroom industry: prochloraz in EU countries, and chlorothalonil, thiabendazol and tiophanate-methyl in US and Canada. Decreased sensitivity of L. fungicola to prochloraz was noted. Also, inefficiency of this fungicide was recorded in experimental growing room, at a level of spotting symptoms of cobweb disease. However, with regard to resistance development, harm to the environment and human health, special attention should be focused on good programme of hygiene. The introduction of new fungicides of biological origin creates new possibilities for crop protection from fungal pathogens.
Fetched live from OpenAlex and de-inverted. Abstracts are not stored in this database: the inverted indexes are 8.6 GB of the frame’s 9.3 GB of text, and the host has 13 GB free.
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.001 | 0.002 |
| Open science | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.001 | 0.002 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from it