Deep water circulation and composition in the Arctic Ocean by dissolved barium, aluminium and silicate
Bibliographic record
Abstract
As part of the ARK-XXII/2 Polarstern expedition in summer 2007, dissolved Ba was analyzed in the Eurasian Basins and the Makarov Basin including the Alpha and Mendeleyev Ridges as well as on the adjacent shelves. The data was compared with data of dissolved Al and Si from the same cruise. Superimposed on the gradual increase of concentration with depth by dissolution of the particle rain, we observe different flow patterns in intermediate waters along the track. In the Atlantic and Intermediate Depth Water (AIDW) in the Amundsen Basin the influence from Eurasian shelf water can be seen in slightly enhanced concentrations of dissolved Ba compared with Al and Si. At the same time Al concentrations decrease with distance from the Eurasian shelves. Source waters to the Atlantic layer Water (ALW) in the Makarov Basin have the same background Ba concentrations as the Nansen AIDW. We describe the distributions of the elements in the Deep Eurasian and Bottom Water (DEBW) by deep shelf convection as well as diffusion from sediments controlling concentrations in the Nansen DEBW while in the Amundsen DEBW diffusion from sediments appears to be more important. In the Makarov Basin inflow from the Canadian Basin and overflow from the Amundsen Basin at 2000 m depth at the Lomonosov Ridge are required to explain the composition of bottom waters.
Fetched live from OpenAlex and de-inverted. Abstracts are not stored in this database: the inverted indexes are 8.6 GB of the frame’s 9.3 GB of text, and the host has 13 GB free.
How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".