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Record W7055707462

Dé-fricher l’urbain : opérations de légitimation des restes industriels ou la vie sociale des anciens sites d’industrie. Exemples des secteurs de production d’explosifs, militaire et d’incinération de déchets dans la métropole montréalaise

2024· other· fr· W7055707462 on OpenAlexaboutno aff

Bibliographic record

VenueEspaceINRS Institutional Digital Repository (Institut National de la Recherche Scientifique) · 2024
Typeother
Languagefr
FieldEngineering
TopicLaser Design and Applications
Canadian institutionsnot available
Fundersnot available
KeywordsContext (archaeology)Relations of productionPerspective (graphical)
DOInot available

Abstract

fetched live from OpenAlex

L’objectif de cette thèse est de montrer dans une perspective postmoderne, les actions de légitimation concernant les restes industriels urbains, leur pluralité par une étude multicas à partir d’exemples sectoriels de la production d’explosifs (l’ancienne usine d’explosifs de la CIL à McMasterville et Saint-Basile-le-Grand), militaire (le fort de Sainte-Hélène) et d’incinération de déchets urbains (l’incinérateur des Carrières). Les villes postindustrielles comme Montréal comptent de nombreux anciens sites industriels devenus un fardeau pour les municipalités, car pollués, dangereux, abandonnés et considérés comme donnant une mauvaise image à la ville. Sous l’effet de la désindustrialisation et des vagues de fermetures d’usine dès les années 1970 et 1980, dans les anciens bastions industriels comme Detroit et Montréal, ils ont perdu leur usage premier. Les travaux soulignent les nouveaux usages, souvent de nature normative comme des réaffectations patrimoniales, culturelles, économiques et sociales. Certains pointent leur charge symbolique négative, suscitant leur rejet par le public n’y voyant aucune valeur, sens, intérêt esthétique ni artistique ni patrimonial, aucun usage. La littérature n’aborde que partiellement cet objet par les dimensions culturelle, urbaine, économique et environnementale, la pluralité des formes culturelles et des actions de légitimation, les usages à la marge. Les notions souvent mobilisées, comme friche, patrimoine et conservation, sont, en raison de leur caractère polysémique, performatif ou préconstruit peu aisés à utiliser pour comprendre cette réalité. Quelques chercheurs ont mis de l’avant le potentiel de la notion de « restes urbains », soulignant la dimension symbolique relative à leur mise en marge, illégitimité, invisibilisation, voire à leur destruction. Ils portent en eux un possible devenir, une rédemption dans laquelle l’art et la culture jouent un rôle central. Dans leur sens de ruine, ils peuvent porter une charge symbolique positive, comme dans le ruinimage. Quelle est (donc) la nature de ces actions de légitimation concernant les restes industriels urbains ? En se fondant sur le concept de restes et les dimensions culturelle, symbolique, urbaine, environnementale et économique, trois méthodes de collecte de données ont été utilisées : l’archéoanthropologie (incluant l’observation ethnographique à visée descriptive pour collecter des informations sur des éléments visuels comme les traces physiques en prenant des notes descriptives et des photos), la consultation de documents (en ligne et d’archives) (n=307), et l’entretien semi-dirigé pour collecter la parole pour l’analyse discursive (n=30) Le droit à la ville de Lefebvre est très central dans cette analyse se situant dans le cadre des champs de recherche des géographies culturelles, critique, radicale, humaniste, des théories situationnistes, de la piraterie spatiale, de la justice spatiale et de la bureaucratie wébérienne. Les résultats montrent une pluralité des usages légaux, illégaux et ayant des thématiques identiques (récréatives, culturelles), de nouvelles dimensions : le récréatif et le réglementaire. Les usagers illégaux ont un usage plus extensif, moins limité, plus libre, à l’image de l’usage de la ville du flâneur baudelairien et de Walter Benjamin, figure du citadin s’appropriant librement et de façon personnalisée la ville, alors que les acteurs légaux font face à des situations de non-usage, de lourdeur réglementaire bureaucratique wébérienne. The aim of study is from a postmodern perspective to highlight the actions of legitimization relating to abandoned industrial building as urban industrial remains, and their plurality. This study is based on a multi-case study with sectorial examples: explosives production (former CIL explosive plant, in McMasterville and Saint-Basile-le-Grand, in Montreal metropolitan area), military activities (the fort of Sainte-Hélène in Montréal), the urban waste incineration (the incinerator of les Carrières in Montreal). Post-industrial cities like Montreal still have many abandoned industrial sites that have become a burden for municipalities, because they are polluted, dangerous, abandoned and seen as something that give a bad image to the city. In major historical industrial flagship cities like Detroit and Montreal, deindustrialization, and waves of factory closures in the 1970s and 1980s put an end to their affectation and therefore their original vocation. Scientists observe the new and often normative, uses of some of these spaces for heritage, cultural, economic, and social purposes. It was raised the negative symbolic characteristics, leading to their rejection by the public: they don’t perceive their value, meaning, aesthetic, artistic and heritage interest, or their use. The literature review shows gaps in the cultural, urban, economic, and environmental dimensions, in the plurality of cultural forms and the legitimizing actions (considered as legitimate by actors), and marginal uses. Notions like wasteland, heritage, conservation are often used, but because of their polysemic, performative or pre-constructed meanings they are less ease to use. Some researchers highlight the notion of "urban remains", emphasizing the symbolic dimension of their marginalization, illegitimacy, invisibilization, destruction. These studies show that remains have a possible future, a redemption in which art and culture play a central role. They have a positive symbolic meaning, for instance in ruinimage. What is the nature of these legitimizing actions dealing with urban industrial remains? This research uses the concept of remains and their cultural, symbolic, urban, environmental, and economic dimensions, and three methods of data collection: archaeoanthropology (a method of ethnographic observation information on visual perceptive elements, such as physical traces, by observing, taking descriptive notes and photos, collection of online documents and archives for discursive analysis (n=307), and semi-directed interviews (n=30). The concept of the right to the city by Lefebvre is very central in this analysis – In the framework of the research fields of cultural geographies, critical, radical, humanist geographies, the theories of the situationists, space piracy, spatial justice, and the Weberian approach of bureaucracy. The results show a plurality of legal and illegal uses with identical themes, whether recreational or cultural, and reveal new dimensions: recreational and regulatory. Illegal users of those urban spaces in state of abandonment, such as urbex practitioners and graffiti writers are more extensive, less restricted, and freer in their use of the city – to this extent they can be related to the image of the Baudelairean flâneur and Walter Benjamin’s flâneur – symbolizing a personalized and free appropriation of the city. Whereas legal actors face situations of non-use and heavy Weberian bureaucratic rules.

Fetched live from OpenAlex and de-inverted. Abstracts are not stored in this database: the inverted indexes are 8.6 GB of the frame’s 9.3 GB of text, and the host has 13 GB free.

How this classification was reachedexpand

Full frame machine prediction

Teacher imitation

Not calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.

metaresearch head score (Codex)0.001
metaresearch head score (Gemma)0.002
Version: metacan-v3-hybrid-931329e0061cValidation status: machine_predicted_unvalidated
Candidate categoriesnone
Consensus categoriesnone
DomainCandidate signal: none · Consensus signal: none
Study designCandidate signal: Qualitative · Consensus signal: none
GenreCandidate signal: Empirical · Consensus signal: none
Teacher disagreement score0.285
Threshold uncertainty score0.573

Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)

CategoryCodexGemma
Metaresearch0.0010.002
Meta-epidemiology (narrow)0.0000.000
Meta-epidemiology (broad)0.0000.000
Bibliometrics0.0010.002
Science and technology studies0.0100.015
Scholarly communication0.0080.002
Open science0.0010.003
Research integrity0.0010.001
Insufficient payload (model declined to judge)0.0090.000

Machine scores (provisional)

The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.

Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.

Opus teacher head0.081
GPT teacher head0.313
Teacher spread0.232 · how far apart the two teachers sit on this one work
Validation statusscore_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from it

Classification

machine, unvalidated

Machine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.

The models applied no category: nothing in the taxonomy fit this work.
Study designQualitative
Domainnot available
GenreEmpirical

How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".

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Citations0
Published2024
Admission routes1
Has abstractyes

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