Effects of Oxide Inclusions on Cold Sprayed Copper Corrosion in Bisulfide-Containing Environment
Bibliographic record
Abstract
In Canada, the current design of the containers for used nuclear fuel includes a cold spray copper coating as part of a multi-barrier system for long-term disposal in a deep geological repository. The oxygen trapped during emplacement will potentially cause initial copper coating oxidation, while bisulfide ions produced by sulfate-reducing bacteria will act as a long-term oxidant by forming copper sulfides. Bisulfide ions will first meet oxide-covered used fuel containers, and conversion of oxide to sulfide will take place. Unlike wrought copper, cold spray copper contains microstructural features such as entrapped cuprous oxide inclusions at particle-particle interfaces. This study examined the impact of these entrapped oxide inclusions on the surface oxide formation and corrosion behaviour of cold spray copper in an anoxic bisulfide-containing environment. Electrochemical tests and surface characterization showed that oxide inclusions significantly influence the initial oxidation process and accelerate copper corrosion and oxide-to-sulfide conversion. These findings provided insight into the role of copper’s microstructure in the long-term performance of used fuel containers.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".