The effects of a dietary or «in ovo» exposure to the pentabrominated diphenyl ether mixture, DE-71, on retinol and thyroid hormones in captive American kestrels («Falco sparverius»)
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Polybrominated diphenyl ethers (PBDEs) are one type of brominated flame retardant commonly used in industrial and domestic items. Their lipophilic and persistent properties and global occurrence in wildlife are cause for concern, especially for those at the top of the food chain, such as raptorial birds. This study consisted of dietary or in ovo exposure of captive American kestrels (Falco sparverius) to one of two environmentally relevant levels (high and low exposures) of the pentaBDE mixture, DE-71. Maternal retinol levels were reduced in the low-exposure group after three weeks of exposure and were associated with fewer hatchlings and increasing in ovo BDE-17 concentrations. The in ovo exposure affected the retinol levels of nestling kestrels and altered their thyroid hormones and the functioning of their thyroid system. These parameters were associated with in ovo concentrations of various BDE congeners, body mass, and feather growth. These findings are consistent with the reduced reproductive success of these birds and the altered growth of their young.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".