Economía y Energía: Análisis de la Eficiencia Energética y el Rol de las Energías Renovables
Bibliographic record
Abstract
The purpose of this research is to analyze the relationship between Gross Domestic Product (GDP), Research and Development (R+D) expenditure, energy intensity, and renewable energy consumption in 37 countries of the Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development (OECD) between 2012 and 2020. The jamovi statistical tool was used, through the techniques of Principal Component Analysis—PCA—, K-mean Clustering, correlation matrix, among others. It is concluded that there are two components: energy intensity and consumption of renewables, and on the other hand GDP and R+D expenditure, so an adequate relationship between economic growth and energy efficiency is not detected; likewise, two clusters were generated, on the one hand, Iceland, and the other cluster confirmed by the remaining 36 countries, highlighting the United States. In the combination of components and clusters, countries such as Iceland, the United States, Scandinavian countries, Canada, New Zealand, the United Kingdom, Costa Rica, Colombia, Chile, among others, stand out.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.001 | 0.002 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.004 | 0.007 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.002 | 0.001 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.002 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".