Effect of compaction on the resilient behaviour of granular materials: an analytical study
Bibliographic record
Abstract
The new 2002 AASHTO Guide for Pavement Design advocates the use of the resilient modulus parameter for the characterization of granular materials used as base and sub-base layers in flexible pavements. This mechanistic parameter is known to be influenced by the material physical conditions and the state of stress the material is subjected to. The research work reported herein examines the effect of one of the construction variables, namely compaction, on the resilient modulus. The study involves an analytical simulation, using the Discrete Element Method (DEM), to quantify the effect of compaction, as measured by relative density, on the resilient modulus. It consists in performing analytical simulations on an assembly of particles compacted to three degrees of compaction and subjected to the same state of stress usually used in laboratory testing. Results confirmed the major role that density plays in defining the resilient behaviour of granular materials. Findings consolidated the potential of the DEM technique for modeling the resilient behaviour of these materials.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.002 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".