Historic breaks in canadian welfare as expressions of internal crisis and prime minister Justin Trudeau’s efforts to address them
Bibliographic record
Abstract
This article aims to analyze the gradual decom-position that Canada’s traditional social bastions —education, health and housing, which made the country an international moral power in the 20th century and a paradigm of social justice— have undergone over the previous decades. It emphasizes that this dismantling of the welfare state’s pillars has occurred under the administration of both conservative and liberal governments without partisan distinction. Since the Covid-19 pandemic, its effects have been unavoidable for the federal government of the liberal Justin Trudeau, who was forced to face the crisis to seek emerging solutions. However, the seriousness of the situation reinforces our hypothesis that this crisis represents a historic break in Canada, which has been brewing since at least the mid-eighties when the state decid-ed to reduce resources to redirect them to other productive sectors and thus stimulate the arrival of private investment in strategic social areas.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.004 | 0.008 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.001 | 0.002 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.045 | 0.027 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.013 | 0.003 |
| Open science | 0.002 | 0.008 |
| Research integrity | 0.005 | 0.013 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.006 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".