The Fourth Earl of Carnarvon and the South African Confederation
Bibliographic record
Abstract
My hypothesis is that Great Britain’s South African colonial policy in the second half of the 19th century can be characterized by various tendencies and changes. One of these tendencies was the British intention for the unification of the divided Southern Africa (colonies and states) to organize a loyal, self-governing, white (particularly British)- dominated British South African colony like Canada, Australia or New-Zealand. The policy of unification of the Boer settler communities, later republics and the British controlled territories reached its peak during Disraeli’s second premiership (1874-1880) when Henry Howard Molyneux Herbert, the Fourth Earl of Carnarvon was the Secretary of State for the Colonies (1874-1878). Under Lord Carnarvon’s leadership the Colonial Office, with the assistance of the men on the spot, the British colonial officials and representatives of the British colonial policy in South Africa attempted several times to establish the South African Confederation. This paper deals mainly with those factors (internal and external) which influenced Lord Carnarvon’s conception about the South African Confederation.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.001 | 0.002 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.006 | 0.009 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.003 | 0.002 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.003 |
| Research integrity | 0.001 | 0.003 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.007 | 0.001 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".