Historical streamflow and climate trends in glacierized watersheds of the Selkirk Mountains, British Columbia
Bibliographic record
Abstract
This study examines historical streamflows from four watersheds of approximately 1000 km2 size and 14% glacier cover in the Selkirk Mountains, BC. The objective is to identify possible changes in the annual mean discharge and date of the annual melt runoff peak as a result of climate change. Of the four rivers, only the Incomappleux shows a statistically significant 8% decrease in annual mean discharge since 1953. One other river, the Illecillewaet, shows a statistically significant 15 day shift to an earlier runoff peak since 1964. The 40th year climate record from Rogers Pass at 1323 m elevation shows a statistically significant 20% decrease in winter precipitation. No such decrease is evident in the 37 year record from Mount Fidelity at 1875 m elevation, a fact reflected in the lack of any trend in the end of winter snowpack water equivalent at three high elevation snow courses. The climate data also show statistically significant increases in the proportion of winter precipitation falling as rain and in winter mean daily temperature, but no increases in mean daily temperature during the melt season. Possible connections between these results, the proportion of each basin covered by ice, and the streamflow trends will be discussed.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.002 | 0.003 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".