Immunocamouflage of red blood cells by means of layer- by-layer self-assembly technique for medical transfusion
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Shortages in the blood supply have potential life-threatening consequences for patients requiring rapid and urgent blood transfusion.Different attempts described in the literature to produce universal blood have drawbacks and still induce the activation of the immune system.We report here new means of universal red blood cells (RBCs) production using the Layer-by-Layer (LbL) self-assembly technique for the deposition of chitosan-graft-phosphorylcholine (CH-PC), poly-L-lysine-graft-polyethylene glycol (PLL-PEG), hyaluronic acid (HA) and alginate (AL) onto functional and non-fixed RBCs.This idea was based on previous findings where fixed RBCs have been used as template for LbL multilayer assembly for the production of hollow capsules.The aim of this thesis, therefore, was to coat fresh and functional red blood cells (RBCs) with a multilayered polymeric shell.The natural polyelectrolytes, CH-PC, HA, PLL-PEG and AL were successfully assembled in a well-designed multilayer system on non-fixed RBCs in a twodimensional (2-D) model through the electrostatic LbL assembly technique.A systematic study of constructs formed by two pairs of oppositely charged biocompatible polyelectrolytes has been performed.By modulating the film composition and build-up conditions, such as incorporating the protein-repulsive polyelectrolyte PLL-PEG, adjusting the film thickness and the multilayer permeability, cell recognition by the anti-A antibody is prevented.The main goal of this thesis was to develop a multilayer shell on non-fixed and functional RBCs in suspension.The design in suspension involved, CH-PC, PLL-PEG and AL that were successfully assembled in a nano-organized shell on non-fixed RBCs through the electrostatic LbL self-assembly technique.The RBCs" shape, morphology were not affected by the polyelectrolytes multilayers build-up.The multilayered nanoshell succeeded in preventing anti-A, anti-B, anti-Lewis y and anti-CD44 antibodies interactions with their specific antigens on the RBC membrane.Moreover, the RBCs maintained their initial role after Prakash, Dr. Yahye Merhi and Dr. Isabelle Cloutier for their insightful comments, guidance and suggestions during the numerous meetings of my Ph.D. Also many thanks go to Dr. Yahye Merhi from Montreal Heart Institute for his kindness, availability, for providing me with red blood cells, and for his help in conducting the in vitro and in vivo studies.I want to thank all
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".