Isolation and characterization of Apigenin-7-?-Glucuronide from snapdragon (Antirrhinum Majus L.)
Bibliographic record
Abstract
The greenhouse industry uses hydroponic systems for the production of ornamental plants. Government regulations have forced the growers to reuse hydroponic solutions resulting in potential accumulation of allelopathic compounds that may affect subsequent crops. This study focuses on the identification and characterization of the flavone, apigenin-7-[beta]-glucuronide, that was found in snapdragon, an important greenhouse crop in Ontario, CA. The allelopathic activity of apigenin-7-[beta]-glucuronide was examined using several types of bioassays, i.e., germination and growth of lemna, bentgrass, lettuce, carrot and snapdragon, and a bacterial growth assay using 'Pseudomonas aeruginosa '. There was biological activity of the purified compound with lettuce and carrot germination at 250 mM. Whereas, the aglycone, apigenin, inhibited bacterial growth at 50, 100 and 250 mM, and stimulated the germination of lettuce at all concentrations except 1 mM and snapdragon seed at 250 mM. Therefore, apigenin-7-[beta]-glucuronide isolated from snapdragon does not pose a potential problem for greenhouse producers.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".