Investigating the metabolism and thermal physiology of Northern Crayfish (Faxonius virilis) exposed to ecologically relevant temperatures found within the central prairies of North America
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Temperature plays a key role in the physiology of aquatic ectotherms. Northern Crayfish (Faxonius virilis) are a keystone freshwater macroinvertebrate found in North America from Oklahoma to Manitoba and therefore are subjected to a wide variety of water temperatures. The current study investigates the thermal physiology of F. virilis across a wide range of temperatures between 5C to 25C for 14 days and to acute heat stress. The animals’ routine and maximum oxygen consumption (MO2) and associated hemolymph acid-base parameters were assessed. Additionally, MO2 and metabolically produced ammonia was measured in isolated gill tissue. Warmer temperatures resulted in predictable increases in the animal’s ammonia excretion rates and MO2. Notably, the isolated gill tissue of F. virilis had 4-14 times higher rates of oxygen consumption compared to the whole animal, signifying its importance for respiration. Hemolymph measurements resulted in a significant pH and [HCO3-] decrease at higher temperatures, suggesting a metabolic acidosis. Acute exposure to a +5C increase relative to baseline conditions caused a significant increase in ammonia excretion rates and MO2 in both the whole animal and isolated gill tissue. Crayfish acclimated to 5C resulted in drastically different physiological outcomes compared to warmer acclimated crayfish, signifying a reduced metabolic state. Overall, F. virilis is capable of rapid adjustments to oxygen consumption, excretion, and associated hemolymph parameters needed to respond to heat stress of +5C for 6 hours, and demonstrates a high degree of plasticity to temperatures between 5C and 25C.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".