Investigating Flexible Migration in Hudson Bay Woodland Caribou (Rangifer tarandus caribou)
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Facultative migration has been hypothesized as a strategy to optimize energetic gain in response to environmental fluctuations. The forest-tundra and forest-dwelling ecotypes of Ontario woodland caribou (Rangifer tarandus caribou) are often presumed to differ in migratory strategy, however their potential for facultative migration has yet to be explored. Understanding the inherent variation of migration could help improve habitat management. We compared GPS telemetry-based movement data from 109 radio-collared caribou across northern Ontario with estimates of vegetation, snow cover, and human disturbance to identify environmental drivers associated with migration. We also evaluated whether caribou exhibited a migratory syndrome, using measures of selection and movement in comparison with movement strategies. We found evidence of facultative migration from both ecotypes, with little evidence of an overlying migratory syndrome. Both probability and distance of migration were positively correlated with snow, while only probability increased with vegetation. Plasticity in migration may suggest resilience to change.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".