The influence of reported physical activity and and biological sex on carotid arterial distensibility in Canadians with diabetes
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Aging is associated with increases in carotid arterial stiffness and this process appears to be accelerated in older adults with diabetes. It is known that older adults with higher levels of physical activity (PA) tend to have lower arterial stiffness values compared to their more sedentary counterparts. Women typically experience an increase in arterial stiffness and cardiovascular events after menopause compared to older men. It is currently unknown whether a greater degree of physical activity modulates vascular aging in individuals with diabetes, and whether sex differences exist. This study examined arterial stiffness estimated from carotid artery ultrasound images and blood pressure data available from the Canadian Longitudinal Study on Aging (CLSA) baseline data set in participants with non-Type 1 diabetes. Arterial stiffness was expressed as carotid artery distensibility, a measure of local arterial stiffness and calculated as the relative change in arterial diameter for a given change in pressure. PA was assessed via the Physical Activity Scale for the Elderly (PASE), a brief and easily scored 12-item survey used to assess usual PA in adults 65 years and older. This study evaluated the association between known cardiovascular disease risk factors/markers and carotid artery distensibility and examined the influence of PA on arterial stiffness. The influence of age and sex, while controlling for known cardiovascular disease risk factors and markers was examined in individuals with non-Type 1 diabetes. There was no main effect of PASE score on arterial distensibility before (P = 0.143) and after (P = 0.998) adjusting for known cardiovascular risk factors and markers, and there were no interactions between PASE and sex, or PASE and age. There was a main effect of age on arterial distensibility in both models (P=<0.001) and there was a main effect of sex on arterial distensibility in the final adjusted model only (P=0.040). These findings suggest that PASE is not predictive of arterial distensibility in older adults with non-Type 1 diabetes, and these results do not differ by age or sex. Follow-up analysis, using longitudinal models is required to further assess the influence of PA on vascular aging.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.001 | 0.003 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.001 | 0.003 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.003 | 0.001 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Research integrity | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.003 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".