La solidarité sociale dans le pacte fédéral canadien : histoire d’une crise et de son dénouement
Bibliographic record
Abstract
En 1994-1995, le gouvernement fédéral canadien lançait une réforme néolibérale profonde des programmes sociaux, au nom de l'adaptation aux nécessités de la mondialisation. La vigueur de la réaction des provinces fédérées et sa forme (recours ou menace de recours à l'interprovincialisme) a montré qu'il avait touché là à un point central du pacte fédéral. En même temps, cette réaction ayant pris la forme d'une "Union sociale" des seules provinces anglophones, une nouvelle impulsion a été donnée à l'évolution du Canada vers un fédéralisme asymétrique multinational. Mais l'histoire du dénouement de cette crise, qui a ébranlé le pacte fédéral bien au-delà de la vieille contestation québécoise, montre aussi que le dynamisme particulier du fédéralisme canadien a doté son état-providence d'une bonne capacité de résistance face aux tendances à l'américanisation de la société.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.002 | 0.003 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.003 | 0.005 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.022 | 0.024 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.006 | 0.002 |
| Open science | 0.001 | 0.004 |
| Research integrity | 0.002 | 0.003 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.008 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".