Metal-slag reaction through a solid interfacial layer
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Liquid Cu-Ni-Al alloys and two Li(2)O-Al(2)O(3)-SiO(2) liquid slags were contacted for 1-8 min at 1300 and 1450 degrees C. Their interface was deformed by the formation of a lithium aluminate crust due to aluminum oxidation. The interfacial area evolved with time depending on the compositions of the liquids. This led to the formation of structures made of liquid metal sheathed by a solid lithium aluminate layer. These structures were studied from metallographic sections of quenched samples and from X-Ray radiographs in real time. Their formation was attributed to the semi-permeability of the lithium aluminate layer allowing the transfer of aluminum ions to the slag but impeding the reduced silicon from reaching the liquid metal. Indeed, at the end of the slag-metal reaction, the silicon produced by the reduction of silica by aluminum was not found in the Cu-Ni alloy but silicon-rich droplets were found on the slag side of the crust. An explanation of these phenomena is presented. (C) 1999 Canadian Institute of Mining and Metallurgy. Published by Elsevier Science Ltd. All rights reserved.
Fetched live from OpenAlex and de-inverted. Abstracts are not stored in this database: the inverted indexes are 8.6 GB of the frame’s 9.3 GB of text, and the host has 13 GB free.
How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".