Non-Indigenous people’s perceptions of food insecurity on Indigenous reserves—Student and teacher perceptions, the role of schools, and actions.
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Food insecurity (FI) has been widely researched, but remote Indigenous communities face additional barriers to accessing food. Few studies have analyzed non-Indigenous perceptions of Indigenous issues, which is essential understanding for reconciliation. This study aims to explain students and teachers’ level of awareness about FI on northern Ontario Indigenous reserves and to explore the relationship between the reported level of awareness and actions taken. Using a mixed-method approach, Grade 12 students and teachers at single-sex, independent, urban Ontario (COSSOT) high-schools completed a survey that analyzed their perceptions and assessed their knowledge. The results indicated that a school’s perceived lack of emphasis on Indigenous issues correlated with less knowledgeable respondents, and teachers were often more inaccurate; however, inaccuracies were often overestimations, so respondents might have better understood the generally expensive food environments. Overall, respondents’ knowledge and sense of personal responsibility is lacking; therefore, their actions to meaningfully demonstrate support are limited.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.001 | 0.002 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.002 | 0.001 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.002 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".