Bibliographic record
Abstract
Ensuring the maintenance of internationally agreed standards\nof safety on board all ships, has been a major focus of\nindustry-wide attempts to reduce the risk of marine accidents\nand the consequential pollution damage to the marine\nenvironment and loss of life . Hence, today, the practice of\nPort State Control (PSC) appears to be on the agenda of\nStates worldwide, as Port States endeavour to exercise some\ncontrol over safety standards on foreign ships calling at\ntheir ports.\nThe need for PSC, the encouragement of its practice, and its\neffectiveness against sub-standard shipping, have been the\nfocus of this study.\nIt is evident that the growing inadequacy of Flag State\ncontrol (FSC), due mainly to a proliferation of Open\nRegisters, and prolonged depressed freight market conditions,\nhas made the practice of PSC a necessity.\nIntra - and extra-regional differences do exist in the\nexecution of PSC and must be removed to ensure uniformity and\nstrictness , thereby enhancing its effectiveness. This can be\nachieved by way of improvements in the areas of ship\nselection for PSC inspections , recruitment and training of\ninspectors, categorization of deficiencies and the\nestablishment of automatic detention criteria . Flag\ntargeting and other preferential treatment for certain ships\nare both fraught with administrative and political\ndifficulties and are not quite necessary. Detention of\nhighly deficient ships must be re-enforced by appropriate\nfines , in order to force shipowners to comply with safety\nstandards on board at all times, whilst providing some\nrevenue that could serve to sustain the continued practice\nand effectiveness of PSC.\nPSC statistics have undoubtedly served to uncover the\nmagnitude of the deterioration in safety standards on board\nsome ships. Therefore, apart from relatively better " lost"\nstatistics in areas where it is practised , PSC should also be\naccorded some credit for some new developments in shipping,\nsuch as improvements currently undertciken by Classification Societies, the formation of ISMA and the establishment of the\nnew IMO Sub-Committee on Flag State Implementation. Moreover\nthe spread of PSC from the U.S.A., Canada and the Paris\nMOUPSC to South America and the Far East/Pacific regions will\nserve to enhance its capability of affecting standards of\nsafety on over 80 percent of the world merchant fleet . Thus,\neven though cooperation from charterers, insurers and other\nregulatory authorities is still some way off , and the\npreservation of national State sovereignty in the relevant\nconventions makes legal action against delinquent Flag States\npointless , the practice of effective Port State control can,\nby itself , reduce the level of sub-standard shipping\nglobally.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.284 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".