Physical Activity Behaviour in Middle-Aged and Older Adults
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Background: A comprehensive understanding of current physical activity (PA) behaviours and potential intervention targets is critical for promoting healthy aging and helping to alleviate the burden of preventable disease on healthcare systems. The overall aim of this work was to describe PA behaviour and its determinants in middle-aged and older adults, with a focus on generating evidence to support PA promotion in Canada. Methods: First, an umbrella review was used to systematically summarize evidence for determinants of PA in community-dwelling older adults published in systematic reviews from five databases. Second, we used data from the Canadian Longitudinal Study on Aging (CLSA), a population-based cohort of 51,000 Canadians 45-85-years old, to 1) create age-specific normative values for the Physical Activity Scale for the Elderly (PASE), and 2) describe the full spectrum of usual PA by type of activity and amount. Age and sex-specific normative PASE values were created by identifying the best-fitting models and using cross-validation. Weighted means and frequencies were used to describe Canadians by the types and amount of PA undertaken. Results: Evidence from the 11 included reviews (>300 primary papers) demonstrated consistent relationships between PA and walkability, age, gender, loneliness, and social support for PA. Using the CLSA, we created separate models for normative PASE values in men and women, and percentile ranges. Finally, our descriptive analysis highlighted the impacts of social determinants of health on PA behaviour in Canada. A higher percentage of Canadians in the lowest 20% of PASE scores were female and had lower income and education levels. Conclusions: The normative values presented increase the interpretability of PASE scores and allow for consideration of healthy variation in PA when assessing and monitoring levels over time. Future research exploring interpersonal and intrapersonal determinants and longitudinal investigations of the association between all determinants and PA trajectories are warranted.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.003 | 0.011 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.001 | 0.002 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.004 | 0.006 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.002 | 0.001 |
| Open science | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Research integrity | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".