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Record W7061060517

Prévision de la résistance en fatigue des soudures en acier inoxydable 410NiMo contenant des discontinuités

2024· other· fr· W7061060517 on OpenAlexfundaboutno aff

Bibliographic record

VenuePolyPublie (École Polytechnique de Montréal) · 2024
Typeother
Languagefr
FieldEngineering
TopicAdvanced Power Generation Technologies
Canadian institutionsnot available
FundersNatural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of CanadaMitacsHydro-Québec
KeywordsCorrosion fatigueMetal coatingSteel frameGalvanic corrosion
DOInot available

Abstract

fetched live from OpenAlex

RÉSUMÉ: Un programme de recherche international sur la fatigue corrosion (FatCo), en collaboration avec l'institut de recherche d'Hydro-Québec (IREQ), a été lancé pour améliorer, entre autres, la fiabilité des installations hydroélectriques. Ce projet se concentre sur la dégradation de l'alliage, notamment le 13%Cr-4%Ni, largement utilisé dans la fabrication des turbines hydrauliques Francis, sous l’effet de la corrosion et des sollicitations cycliques. La problématique spécifique de l’étude actuelle a trait à la pérennité des turbines qui est souvent compromise par des discontinuités dans les joints soudés, telles que des inclusions internes et des manques de fusion. Celles-ci affectent considérablement la résistance en fatigue du matériau et doivent être prises en compte dans les calculs visant à prévoir la maintenance et la fin de vie des composants de la turbine. Hydro-Québec utilise actuellement l’approche de Kitagawa-Takahashi (KT) pour prévoir la résistance en fatigue des soudures en 410NiMo. C’est-à-dire que toutes indications linéaires mises en évidence lors de l’inspection suivant la fabrication sont assimilées à des fissures longues, telles quelles sont définies dans le cadre de la mécanique linéaire élastique de la rupture (LEFM). Cependant, des recherches récentes suggèrent que l'approche généralisée d'Atzori-Lazzarin (AL) pourrait offrir des prévisions plus justes de la résistance en fatigue, particulièrement en présence de discontinuités de grandes tailles produisant un gradient de contrainte différent de celui des fissures. En effet, cette approche, mieux adaptée aux entailles, tient compte de la distribution des contraintes locales spécifiques à la taille et la géométrie des discontinuités. L’objectif du mémoire est de prévoir la résistance en fatigue de soudures contenant de grandes discontinuités volumétriques, similaires à ceux rencontrés dans l’industrie. Pour ce faire, le procédé de soudage à l'arc avec fil fourré (FCAW) a été utilisé pour déposer des cordons de soudure de 410NiMo sur une plaque en acier S41500 préparée par usinage. Des résidus de flux ont été délibérément introduits le long de la racine de la soudure pour créer des discontinuités centrales allongées, de type vermiforme. Les discontinuités présentes dans les éprouvettes de fatigue ont d’abord été caractérisées par tomodensitométrie par rayon X (CT scan). Des analyses par éléments finis (FEA) ont été réalisées sur des modèles représentant l’éprouvette et sa discontinuité. Au total, l’analyse de 15 éprouvettes contenant chacune une discontinuité ayant des caractéristiques qui lui sont propres est présentée. Les FEAs permettent de catégoriser la sévérité des discontinuités en se basant sur le facteur de concentration de contrainte (k_t) et de l’exposant de singularité (α). À partir de ces résultats et de la résistance en fatigue du matériau sans défauts (〖〗_0), une prévision de la résistance en fatigue de la soudure en présence d’une discontinuité spécifique est proposée. ABSTRACT: An international research program on fatigue corrosion (FatCo), in collaboration with Hydro-Québec's research institute (IREQ), has been launched to improve, notably, the reliability of hydroelectric installations. This project focuses on alloy degradation, particularly 13%Cr-4%Ni, widely used in the manufacture of Francis hydraulic turbines, under the effects of corrosion and cyclic loading. The specific issue of the current study relates to the durability of turbines, which is often compromised by discontinuities in welded joints, such as internal inclusions and lack of fusion. These significantly affect the material’s fatigue strength and must be accounted in calculations aimed at predicting maintenance and component life expectancy. Hydro-Québec currently uses the Kitagawa-Takahashi (KT) approach to predict the fatigue strength of 410NiMo welds. That is, all linear indications during post-fabrication inspection are treated as long cracks, as defined within the framework of linear elastic fracture mechanics (LEFM). However, recent research suggests that the generalized Atzori-Lazzarin (AL) approach could provide more accurate fatigue strength predictions, especially in the presence of large discontinuities that produce a stress gradient differing from that of cracks. This approach, better suited for notches, considers the local stress distribution specific to the size and geometry of discontinuities. The objective of this thesis is to predict the fatigue strength of welds containing large volumetric discontinuities, similar to those encountered in industry. To achieve this, the flux-cored arc welding (FCAW) process was used to deposit 410NiMo weld beads onto a machined S41500 steel plate. Flux residues were deliberately introduced along the weld root to create central, elongated, wormlike discontinuities. The discontinuities present in the fatigue specimens were first characterized by X-ray computed tomography (CT scan). Finite element analyses (FEA) were conducted on models representing the specimen and its discontinuity. A total of 15 specimens, each containing a discontinuity with unique characteristics, were analyzed. The FEAs allowed categorization of the severity of the discontinuities based on the stress concentration factor () and the singularity exponent (α). From these results and the fatigue strength of the material without defects (, a prediction of the weld’s fatigue strength in the presence of a specific discontinuity is proposed. The predictions were then compared with experimental results from fatigue tests. Tests were conducted with a cyclic load ratio of R = 0.1, a frequency of 108 Hz, and a target life of 2E6 cycles. A step-loading method, inspired by Locati’s work, was used to determine fatigue strength. The results revealed that the fatigue strength of welds containing volumetric discontinuities, with diameters ranging from 0.18 mm to 2.94 mm, is better represented by fracture mechanics rather than the notch approach involving and α.

Fetched live from OpenAlex and de-inverted. Abstracts are not stored in this database: the inverted indexes are 8.6 GB of the frame’s 9.3 GB of text, and the host has 13 GB free.

How this classification was reachedexpand

Full frame machine prediction

Teacher imitation

Not calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.

metaresearch head score (Codex)0.000
metaresearch head score (Gemma)0.000
Version: metacan-v3-hybrid-931329e0061cValidation status: machine_predicted_unvalidated
Candidate categoriesnone
Consensus categoriesnone
DomainCandidate signal: none · Consensus signal: none
Study designCandidate signal: Bench or experimental · Consensus signal: Bench or experimental
GenreCandidate signal: Empirical · Consensus signal: Empirical
Teacher disagreement score0.003
Threshold uncertainty score0.008

Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)

CategoryCodexGemma
Metaresearch0.0000.000
Meta-epidemiology (narrow)0.0000.000
Meta-epidemiology (broad)0.0000.000
Bibliometrics0.0000.000
Science and technology studies0.0000.000
Scholarly communication0.0000.000
Open science0.0000.000
Research integrity0.0000.000
Insufficient payload (model declined to judge)0.0020.000

Machine scores (provisional)

The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.

Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.

Opus teacher head0.010
GPT teacher head0.251
Teacher spread0.241 · how far apart the two teachers sit on this one work
Validation statusscore_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from it

Classification

machine, unvalidated

Machine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.

The models applied no category: nothing in the taxonomy fit this work.
Study designBench or experimental
Domainnot available
GenreEmpirical

How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".

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Citations0
Published2024
Admission routes2
Has abstractyes

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