Protection et conservation des espèces marines : attentes et satisfaction des touristes lors des croisières d'observation dans le parc marin du Saguenay-Saint-Laurent
Bibliographic record
Abstract
RÉSUMÉ : L’industrie des croisières d’observation de baleines se démarque dans le parc marin du Saguenay-Saint-Laurent (PMSSL) (Maltais et Pelletier, 2018). Ces activités de plaisance doivent se pratiquer en harmonie avec les mesures de protection et de conservation des espèces marines. L’objectif de cette recherche est d’identifier la relation entre les attentes et la satisfaction de la clientèle vis-à-vis la protection et la conservation des espèces lors des croisières d’observation des baleines du PMSSL. Un devis de recherche corrélationnel prédictif a été favorisé. La méthodologie est de nature quantitative par le biais d’un questionnaire autoadministré en deux sections. Les attentes des touristes face aux mesures de protection et de conservation ont été mesurées avant le départ en croisière (n=910) et la satisfaction immédiatement au retour de celle-ci (n=697). Les analyses démontrent, d’une part, un lien significatif positif faible (r=0,11**) entre la satisfaction face aux mesures de protection durant les croisières et les attentes face aux mesures. D’autre part, elles indiquent une relation positive faible entre ces variables, avec un pourcentage d’explication de 1,3 %. Ainsi, l’étude permet de conclure que les attentes et la satisfaction des touristes, dans le contexte des croisières d’observation, ne sont pas aussi corrélées que la littérature l’expose (Giroul, 2000 ; Bamfo, 2007). De surcroît, le niveau des attentes face aux mesures de protection n’explique que très faiblement la satisfaction du participant. Sur le plan de la pertinence sociale, ces résultats suggèrent aux gestionnaires et aux croisiéristes du parc d’adapter leurs actions pour des croisières durables. D’un point de vue scientifique, l’étude vient contribuer à l’élargissement de la littérature sur le tourisme durable maritime et côtier, plus spécifiquement sur les activités d’observation en mer. -- Mot(s)-clé(s) en français : attentes, satisfaction, croisière d’observation des mammifères marins, PMSSL, baleines. -- ABSTRACT : The industry of whales watching cruises has been stand out in the Saguenay-St-Lawrence Marine Park (SSLMP) (Maltais et Pelletier, 2018). These recreational activities must be practice in harmony with protection and conservation measures of marine species. The objective of this research is to identify the relationship between expectations and satisfaction of tourists about protection and conservation of marine species at whales watching cruises in SSLMP. Predictive correlational research was favorited. Methodology is quantitative with an auto administered survey in two sections. Expectations of tourists about protection and conservation measures were calculated before the start of cruises (n=910) and satisfaction just after the cruises (n=697). Analyses show a significative positive but weak link between expectations and satisfaction of protection and conservation measures (r=0,11**). Thus, they show a positive weak link between these variables, with a percentage of explication at 1.3%. This study conclude that expectations and satisfaction are not correlated like literature pretend it (Giroul, 2000; Bamfo, 2007). Moreover, expectations about protection and conservation measures explain weakly satisfaction of tourist. About social pertinence, these results suggest at tourists and managers to adapt their actions for sustainable cruises. About scientific pertinence, this study contributes to enlargement of literature about sustainable marine and coastal tourism, specifically about marine observation activities. -- Mot(s) clé(s) en anglais : Expectation, satisfaction, marine mammal watching cruises, SSLMP, whales.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.001 | 0.002 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.005 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".