Resistance to acetohydroxyacid synthase inhibitors in foxtail species in Ontario
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Five green foxtail populations and one giant foxtail population were suspected of resistance to acetohydroxyacid synthase (AHAS) inhibitors. This study aimed at confirming resistance and determining its physiological and molecular basis. The response to four AHAS inhibitors was determined at the whole plant and enzyme levels. 'AHAS' genes were sequenced and Southern hybridization analysis was used to document 'AHAS' gene copy number. Resistance was confirmed at the whole plant and enzyme levels in all suspected populations. All green foxtail populations had resistance to imazethapyr with cross-resistance to nicosulfuron and flucarbazone but only three populations had cross-resistance to pyrithiobac. Giant foxtail was resistant to all inhibitors. Resistance in green foxtail was caused by single base-pair mutations in the 'AHAS' gene coding for four amino acid substitutions (Ser653Thr, Ser653Asn, Ser 653Ile and Gly654Asp). Two 'AHAS' genes were confirmed in giant foxtail; a single base-pair mutation coding for Ser 653Asn was found in gene II.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".